Writing Type III

Ethnocentrism in Indonesia

If we learn about culture and interaction society, we’ll face the kind of culture, one of them is ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is the use of one’s own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors. In simple terms it is the thinking that one’s own culture or group’s ways are superior to others or judging other groups as inferior to one’s own. From the definition above, I get the point that ethnocentrism is one of caused of cleavage. In Indonesia itself how many condition that ethnocentrism occurred. For example, in Central Java, amount the Javanese assume that their children especially women cannot marriage with the boy who come from West Java. They feel that the West Javanese are lazy, has a bad emotion, maybe because of different culture. I think this condition is not fear. The Central Javanese feel superior then West Javanese. This condition makes cleavage. Even this condition has been principled in Central Javanese. Ethnocentrism should be prevented because the assumptions that we make about others experience can result in false negative judgments and sometimes may also reflect false positive attitudes about others ways. Indonesia is pluralistic society, isn’t it? So, we should be tolerant and mutual respect to the different cultures.

Writing Type II

Global Diffusion in Indonesia

Cultural Diffusion becoming large and booming, it happens because so many foreign cultures come in Indonesia and without filter they can anesthetize and change our culture. Not only that, it caused of technology. From internet, social media, etc. So, we as adult should be filter, which is good or bad.

Writing Type I

Culture Leg in Indonesia

Culture lag refers to the tendency for changes in material and non material culture to occur at different rate.   Material culture includes all of the physical objects that people create and give meaning to.  For example; cars, clothing, schools, and computers. An object only becomes part of culture after meaning have been given to it. A computer has no meaning until it is used as a tool.   Non-material culture consists of thoughts and behavior that people learn as part of the culture they live in. It includes politics, economics, language, rules, customs, family, religion or beliefs, values, and knowledge. I think, there’s many culture lag in Indonesia. By the development of age, the human want everything is fast. So, culture lag is fine while culture lag has advantages for society.

Type III

Culture Lag in Indonesia

We know that culture lag refers to the tendency for changes in material and nonmaterial culture to occur at different rates.   Material culture includes all of the physical objects that people create and give meaning to. Non-material culture consists of thoughts and behaviour that people learn as part of the culture they live in. The technological innovation is the main caused the lag occur. I think that culture lag is fine while it can accept in the society and it has advantages for society.

The example of cultural diffusion

1.    Cultural correspondence in Indonesia is outdates in this age, because it considered not simple.

2.    One example of cultural diffusion in Canada is language. British and French people comes to Canada and introduces their languages to Canadians, so now these two languages becomes the two most spoken in Canada. 

3.    Mc Donalds because its all around the world.they have branches in Africa, India, China, Russia even in Arab counties too.

Types II

The four main elements in the diffusion of new  ideas are:

 (1) innovation, (2) communication channels, (3) time, and (4) the social system.
The example of ethnocentrism

1.    some people celebrate Christmas because it is a tradition, while others don’t because it’s not a tradition in their culture. Some believe that their culture is the best because it has worked out for them and it is superior to them.

2.    in American culture both husband and wives work to provide a comfortable life for their family and also share workload in their household since they both work outside as well. However, wives do not work outside in our country.

3.    In the Ainun and Habibie film, when Habibie tried to show his invented, so Jermany humbled him because Habibie came from Indonesia.

Type I

The diffences between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.

Cultural relativism is understanding other cultures and their beliefs. For example what seems normal to one culture may seem offensive to another.  We try to understand unfamiliar values and norm without judging them and without apply the standards of their own cultural.

Ethnocentrism is the use of one’s own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors. In simple terms it is the thinking that one’s own culture or group’s ways are superior to others or judging other groups as inferior to one’s own.

The similarities between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism

Both are means of judging other groups and their culture

 The examples of cultural shock

1.        I’m Indonesian, when I heard someone that come from America is introducing his parents by the name, for example “this is my parents, John and Grace”. I think is not poite, but in America is fine and polite.

2.        In Greece, for example, smiling when you meet someone for the first time appears as a weakness. Many Greeks think that Americans smile too much and therefore are weak, and many Americans think that the Greeks are too stoic!! This is the opinion of a American of Greek descent.

3.        Drinking Mate, an Argentine custom is also a cross-cultural challenge. You drink the tea from a gourd or special cup, with a metal straw that has a filter to keep the tea leaves out as you suck up the liquid. It is a social drink, so you drink yours, pour some more water on and pass it along, you would be rude if you didn't. Try to do that here and the tension, well, it's better not to ask if someone wants some.

Interaksi Budaya - Mrs Mila

1.      Gambarkan hasil lukisan karya yang berkaitan dengan social budaya.

Pengajian yang setiap minggu di adakan para warga di kampung Pintu Air Bekasi.

2.      Contoh riil bentuk budaya yang menggambarkan budaya masing-masing!

-          Pertunjukkan wayang kulit, pertunjukkan yang ada di Klaten, Jawa Tengah yang setiap tahun diadakan. Pertunjukkan wayang kulit di adakan setiap hari besar Idul Fitri pada malam harinya.

-          Motif ukiran minangkabau, terdapat ungkapan adat atau pepatah petitihnya sebagai pangkal tolak renungan seni ukir Minangkabau.

3.      Sebutkan contoh hasil interaksi social budaya dalam bentuk kerja sama, akomodasi, asimilasi, dan akulturasi!

a.       Kerja Sama

kerjasama adalah suatu usaha bersama antara orang perorangan atau kelompok untuk mencapai tujuan.

Contoh: Kerukunan yang mencakup gotong royong dan tolong menolong antar sesama warga dalam masyarakat. Contoh : gotong royong yang dilakukan di suatu desa untuk membangun rumah salah satu warga.

b.      Akomodasi

Akomodasi sebenarnya merupakan suatu cara untuk menyelesaikan pertentangan tanpa cara mengahancurkan pihak lawan sehingga lawan tidak kehilangan kepribadiaanya.

Contoh: PBB (Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa) membantu penyelesaiannya dua negara yang sedang berselisih.

c.       Asimilasi

Proses asimilasi di tandai dengan usaha dari orang atau kelompok manusia untuk mengurangi perbedaan-perbedaan yang ada. perberdaan-perbedaan tersebut dapat berupa sikap, tindakan, perasaan, dan budaya. Hasil asimilasi menyebabkan semakin tipisnya batas perbedaan antara dua individu dalam satu kelompok maupun batas-batas perbedan antar kelompok.

Contoh: Pasangan suami istri yang baru menikah, istri bersuku jawa sedangkan suami bersuku Sumatra, maka lambat laun mereka akan membentuk satu keluarga baru yang dimana budaya keduanya melebur dan bercampur.

d.      Akulturasi

Akulturasi adalah dua kebudayan yang hidup berdampingan secara damai. Hal ini terjadi karena dalam asimilasi terdapat proses penerimaan dan pengalihan unsur-unsur kebudayaan suatu kelompok lain dengan tidak mengilangkan ciri budaya dari masing-masing kelompok.

Contoh: Pertemuan antara kebudayaan Hindu dengan kebudayaan Islam di Indonesia menghasilkan kebudayaan Islam yang bercorak Hindu.

4.      Buktikan bahwa dalam kontak social tidak harus ada kontak fisik namun bisa saling berkomunikasi?

Dewasa ini, kita sudah banyak menggunakan line internet sebagai interaksi social. Kontak social tidak harus kontak fisik, sebagai contoh jika kita sedang melakukan chatting via facebook, maka disana ada interaksi antar individu yang tidak melakukan kontak fisik dan langsung. Tapi hal itu bisa di anggap sebagai kontak social.

5.      Komunikasi adalah berhubungan atau bergaul dengan orang lain. Komunikasi mana yang bisa menjadikan itu budaya?

Budaya adalah kebiasaan yang sering dilakukan atau kebiasaan. Budaya lahir dari interaksi social. Adapun komunikasi yang bisa menjadi budaya adalah saat kita bertemu teman, tetangga lain kita secara otomatis tersenyum dan member sapaan. Nah komunikasi kebiasaan itulah yang bisa menjadikan itu budaya.